The small white areas you are referring to are pixels in the image that are blank, I cannot exactly remember how or why but it is explained in one of the tampering threads. We see it a lot on the images, many times when a tampering application has been applied like 'smudging'.
The evidence presented appears to be biological in nature but with a special twist. The very small objects appear to emit light much like some aquatic life here on earth. I suspected that these might be some type of photo glitches at first except for the random nature of many in some areas and none in others. There are also different types of formations as seen in the 5th photo. The only enhancement techniques used were black and white levels.
